In the course of the past few months I have talked about several different concepts related to leisure, recreation, and play. These topics have varied from research, theory, and applied concepts. To end this blog I will be talking about the diversity among those concepts and more and how they relate back to leisure.
Serious leisure verses specialization: Serious leisure is the idea that people do not have to start from a young age and be the best at that activity. For example a coach of a sport might not be able to play the sport at an advanced level but understands and is extremely knowledgeable of the rules, athletes physical conditions, specific drills to create skill sets. This kind of person wakes up thinking about the activity, incorporates the activity into daily routine, and life activities. Specialization is when someone is knowledgeable of the activity and is capable of participating in the activity to a certain degree and can teach it to others.
Flow is the theory that people reach the right amount of experience and challenge. Flow can only occur when they are equal parts to both skill and challenge. If there is more skill and not enough challenge the person is bored and if the skill is lower then the challenge then people experience anxiety. This is important for leisure professionals because without and equal ratio of skill and challenge participants can stop participating in the activity in that given moment and distract other participants or choose to not come again creating a loss in participation and potentially the program.
Personality is a key to understanding someones likes and dislikes. In recreation and leisure it is important to know the target population in which you wish to reach. Knowing that populations personality and what is most likely to attract them to the event is important. It is important to disquisition between personality and stereotypes when determining the population. For instance one person might say that females who play sports are masculine and are not interested in being girly by wearing make-up and dresses. This is a stereotype placed on a group that is not the same across the board. Personality is individual to the person but characteristics that are more dominate in small groups of people are a commonality between people who participate in certain activities. For example risk takers from different walks of life might like to skydive and swim with sharks. While people who like to be at home might like to cook or read a book.
Experience economy is when people formulate a place to not just serve the customers but to give them an additional memory. For example themed restaurants, parks, and games. Give participants and experience that will be memorable that they will tell others about and bring attention to place is a key factor in tourism and recreation. If the person does not attach a good experience to an activity or place they are less likely to come back or share their experience. Experience economy is about creating those memories. This can be as simple as a restaurant having a person who is open and welcoming talking to the tables about their days and the food instead. This is different from seeing a wait staff when you need something or the food is ready. This person takes the time to crack jokes, share stories, and sit with at the table.
Motivation has many different steps to the development of the theory. There is intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic is when someone does something for their own likes and interest. They are not being influence by others at all for the par-tact in an activity. Extrinsic is when something in influencing the participation in the activity. This can be a parent, friends, money, anything other then the activity itself. The theory's main discussion piece is whether or not once your activity has had a moment of extrinsic motivation whether or not it and truly be intrinsically only motivated. This idea has brought up much debate because people question if anyone can be intrinsically motivated later in life.
Purple recreation is a leisure activity that to this day is challenged as to whether or not it is leisure. Leisure is seen as a activity that is good for the person and good for the community. That fits into the socially acceptable views of the society. Purple recreation is the activities that people part take in that are not condoned or seen as appropriate to the mass society and some smaller societies. Examples of Purple recreation is: drinking, gambling, adult conduct activities, drugs, and anything that is not accepted in most social circles in society. The idea that leisure must be wholesome for everyone the main components of leisure but any form of purple recreation no matter the frequency or amount is not condoned.
What is leisure, play, and recreation? These concepts began to be researched as early as the Greek and Roman times and still today are not as clearly identified as other concepts. Originally it was thought that the only people who could participate in leisure are those who had free time after their basic needs of food, shelter, and protection were met in access, the elite few in higher social standings. In the beginning education was considered the highest form of leisure. These concepts of what is leisure and who can experience it have been debated for many centuries and they are still changing.
What do all of these concepts have to do with leisure and recreation? They are the foundation for understanding why people would and do participated in leisure activities. Many of these concepts require for the participant to have a memorable experience that is favorable to participate further. They require the person who is implementing programs and activities to look at the group not as a whole but as individuals and develop something that will fit all needs not just most or some. Leisure is the idea that when our basic needs are met and our perceived ability and freedom are equal to the challenge in front of us we will participate in the activities. When our leisure is accepted by the community we are more likely to do it more often and bring people to join.
Wednesday, December 9, 2015
Friday, November 13, 2015
Entry #5 Does your personality fit your recreation?
In pasted weeks I have looked at token economy, planning programs for group populations, how the zone affects you, and serious leisure or specialization. My question to you is what do all of these things have in common? Each of them are determined by a persons personality and outlying factors such as attitude, temperament, and social situations (environment).
The posed question of does your personality fit your recreation is broad and many of the things a person might list about themselves related to their recreation or leisure would not match what others would list. But when considering recreation and programs offered to the public we can break down leisure or recreation participants into groups and then look at their personalities. For example I used a cooking class as a program to design for and discussed knowing who would need each type of program.
A new mother who has little to no cooking experience herself that is taking a class to learn how to provide basic meals to her young children is more likely to join the basic cooking class. Eventually that same mother could be taking the more advanced cooking classes for the same overall reason, to provide meals to her family that taste good and that her family will enjoy. Personality plays a part in everything we do even in the selections of what we choose to spend our time doing. In the case of this mother she chose cooking classes to provided for others a good experience. My thoughts and some might agree with me is that a cook, chef, or provider of food is hoping to provided an enjoyable experience to someone whether that be themselves or others. The basic personality trait of caring about what others think is needed to join a cooking lesson. While some may point out" chefs have an ego that needs to be fanned". I would argue that ego is there because their basic personality and need to provide tasteful meals to others has been met several times. When they fail to provide that experience their other individual personality traits might be brought out that would amplify the "need to fan the ego". While a home cook would instead look at the recipe and adapt it to the audience or mold to fit the particular taste buds of family members. When that try is successful the home cook might feel pride in their ability to provide good meals and continue to make meals that fit their personal audience "family". Within the family the home cook is looking for praise or conformation that their efforts are equal to desired outcome.
To summarize the basic personality factor of the individual in a cooking class is provide tasty meals to self or others. While this one trait I have connected with cooking is my perceived big trait, other traits of the individual will determine how the community perceives the person in the activity.
Through my example I have shown that personality is a determining factor in the recreation an individual participates in. Also underlying factors will determine what others views as personality traits of recreation in general. Based on what individuals experience with the recreation will determine what they view as traits of the recreation and will determine if the recreation will fit the personality of the participant.
The second part of this is the attitude of the person and the environment in which this attitude or temperament is fostered. For example if the environment requires the participant to fight then the participant could sucom to the environment. My example is the youth who participate in less socially acceptable behaviors such as smoking, drinking, drugs, violence, and so forth. While the original personality of a person is not to be active in things that they consider to be risky if they continue to have the influence of the environment in their life that person might begin to change their perspective and personality of the behaviors or recreations. That persons attitude can be strengthened or weakened depending of the reinforcement in the environment and will change that person recreation habits to fit the perceived personality traits of the recreation.
In summary a persons personality can fit the perceived recreation depending on the individuals who is judging experiences. As recreation providers a good rule of thumb is to keep an open mind. Try to see things and people through multiple different lenses and look at your participants thoroughly to see the surface and underlying personalities to plan and program recreation opportunities.
The posed question of does your personality fit your recreation is broad and many of the things a person might list about themselves related to their recreation or leisure would not match what others would list. But when considering recreation and programs offered to the public we can break down leisure or recreation participants into groups and then look at their personalities. For example I used a cooking class as a program to design for and discussed knowing who would need each type of program.
A new mother who has little to no cooking experience herself that is taking a class to learn how to provide basic meals to her young children is more likely to join the basic cooking class. Eventually that same mother could be taking the more advanced cooking classes for the same overall reason, to provide meals to her family that taste good and that her family will enjoy. Personality plays a part in everything we do even in the selections of what we choose to spend our time doing. In the case of this mother she chose cooking classes to provided for others a good experience. My thoughts and some might agree with me is that a cook, chef, or provider of food is hoping to provided an enjoyable experience to someone whether that be themselves or others. The basic personality trait of caring about what others think is needed to join a cooking lesson. While some may point out" chefs have an ego that needs to be fanned". I would argue that ego is there because their basic personality and need to provide tasteful meals to others has been met several times. When they fail to provide that experience their other individual personality traits might be brought out that would amplify the "need to fan the ego". While a home cook would instead look at the recipe and adapt it to the audience or mold to fit the particular taste buds of family members. When that try is successful the home cook might feel pride in their ability to provide good meals and continue to make meals that fit their personal audience "family". Within the family the home cook is looking for praise or conformation that their efforts are equal to desired outcome.
To summarize the basic personality factor of the individual in a cooking class is provide tasty meals to self or others. While this one trait I have connected with cooking is my perceived big trait, other traits of the individual will determine how the community perceives the person in the activity.
Through my example I have shown that personality is a determining factor in the recreation an individual participates in. Also underlying factors will determine what others views as personality traits of recreation in general. Based on what individuals experience with the recreation will determine what they view as traits of the recreation and will determine if the recreation will fit the personality of the participant.
The second part of this is the attitude of the person and the environment in which this attitude or temperament is fostered. For example if the environment requires the participant to fight then the participant could sucom to the environment. My example is the youth who participate in less socially acceptable behaviors such as smoking, drinking, drugs, violence, and so forth. While the original personality of a person is not to be active in things that they consider to be risky if they continue to have the influence of the environment in their life that person might begin to change their perspective and personality of the behaviors or recreations. That persons attitude can be strengthened or weakened depending of the reinforcement in the environment and will change that person recreation habits to fit the perceived personality traits of the recreation.
In summary a persons personality can fit the perceived recreation depending on the individuals who is judging experiences. As recreation providers a good rule of thumb is to keep an open mind. Try to see things and people through multiple different lenses and look at your participants thoroughly to see the surface and underlying personalities to plan and program recreation opportunities.
Friday, October 30, 2015
Entry #4 That Which Drives Us
To begin this blog I want you, my audience to think about an activity you have done recently. This can be anything from a sport, workout, social, or house hold activity. Now I want you to think about why you did that activity? What motivated you to participate in the activity? Some might answer because it is fun or relaxing, or it had to be done. This is the constant struggle in daily life. As our day passes how much time do we spend doing things that are "necessary" or for ourselves? First we must understand how we determine what is the different types of motivation and how do they affect our daily lives and the activities we are involved in. Specifically we will look at Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Amotivation types of motivation.
Intrinsic motivation is when a person does an activity for the sake of the activity and the satisfaction of the activity. The activity itself generally arrives spontaneously when the activity is of value to.
Extrinsic motivation is when there is an outside push to participate in the activity such as a reward or punishment, shame or guilt.
Amotivtaiton is when the person has no interest in the activity at all. Their engagement is without energy, intent, and they lack the willingness to take action.
In the field of recreation, motivation is essential to the participation level of the public related to the product or activity you are introducing/maintaining. If you do not know who your audience is and why they are coming to the activity then you do not know how to structure and intrigue the consumer base. For instance, parks and recreation in cities usually have a little league or beginning level sport program. There are two factors that need to be considered with motivation parents and youth. The motivation for participation can differ between the youth and parent. The parents motivation can lean towards extrinsic if they want their child to join a sport to keep active and fit. This can be derived from the wanting to fulfill a societies standard on how healthy youth should be. Or it can more intrinsic because the parents value personally the sports for the holistic features it has. Examples my child is having fun, keeping an active life style to better health in future, my child is learning social skills, and I get to be involved with a sport I (as the parent) enjoyed as a youth or love to watch.
In the child's scenario an extrinsic motivation is I play because I know my parent(s) really like this sport and if I participate in this sport I will get to spend time with them. Amotivation would be represented when the child only participates because the parents tell them they have to go. They would be the participant that would rather be looking at the flowers or bugs then watching/actively involved with the game. Intrinsic motivation can be found when the child tells the parent they want to play the a certain sport and will on their volition grab equipment to play/practice the sport. This is the youth that experience the first steps of flow.
These are the features that recreation specialist need to consider when they create/modify a program. We have to consider what is it that people are looking to gain from the event? Is it knowledge, skills, personal satisfaction, or living up to a standard? When this is determined the next step is to create a program for the motivation of the population attending or wish to gain. For example why would a person choose one cooking class over the another? One class offered is basic skills class, how to hold and use a knife safely, temperatures meats need to be at, and so forth. Verses classes that teach participants how to use wine, herbs, and break down a whole animal, farm to table cooking. The motivation would be different for each. In the first example the participant possibly needs taught basics of cooking for self or others to eat meals at home, seen more as a necessity. Where as the how to incorporate herbs and wines would be for someone who has the basic skills and loves to cook and try new recipes. The audiences tone for each class will be different.
Recreation exist because of motivation to do things other then provided for our basic needs. Whether you participate in recreation because you have to live up to standard inducted by society, out of personal satisfaction/fulfillment, or other aspects it is a component of human life. As recreation facilitators we have to understand the motivation and the needs for each motivation to reach the participants.
Friday, October 16, 2015
Entry # 3: Serious or Specialization?
Recreation Specialization or Serious leisure, which is the future of Recreation?
To grasp a basis of these two concepts we must define each one. Recreation specialization is when an individual is active in only one activity or sport. There knowledge and participation usually begin at a young age, some as early as five or six. Reinforcement is gained through peers during the course of the specialization during the activity and outside it. For example in sports you can see teammates reinforcing a behavior of free through during the game and others after by trophy's and stats for individuals success. An example of specialization would be an athlete that been playing a sport at an young age who continued to play only that sport as they went through schooling.
Serious Leisure is the pursuit of an amateur, an individual that lacks certain skills or abilities to be considered a professional, hobbyist, or volunteer who launches themselves into a particular activity. Usually people who participate in serious leisure have a knowledge basis of the activity that is great but might have found the passion later in life and could not build the skills to take on the career as a profession. An example of serious leisure is an endeavors is an individual that likes basketball but views themselves as not having the skills to play professionally but instead will instead learn all players in basketball in NBA and college stats and life history, a Wikipedia person on the sport.
Now many of you might be wondering what does these to classification have to do with recreation and its future. There has always been sports and its fans that support the players and know information about them. How does one change the concept of recreation or recreation majors?
The answer is that recreation itself might not change but the people who teach it or organize the events will. When I think about who I was couched by when I played a sport I know that my couch played that sport prior to instructing others about it. But a recent trend is when individuals find an activity later in life, research it in depth, and use that passion to make a career of it. This relates to recreation and its future by who will be the ones directing the events. Is it going to the person who specialized in the activity at a young age who might not have the extensive knowledge of the history or science of how to achieve optimal results but has the skill set to teach and relate to the audience? That question is still unknown because some can argue there has always been couches that never played who developed the skills to teach later in life. Yes, I would agree with this but to take it a step further and ask is it better to hire a person with a degree or someone who presents the knowledge and passion for a position?
These are things that we must consider when hiring staff. There will always be those who will know more about an activity because they have a passion for it but does that qualify them to direct an activity? This is difficult to answer because a common feature of recreation majors is that they interested the field because they liked a certain activity and want to make that their career. Do you want some who has experienced the activity to teach it for relatedness or do you want someone who has built their knowledge over time who can also produce the desired results? As an employer you must take into consideration of who your clients will be. Are they going to come to you for results or the experience? If it is results then a person with in depth knowledge would be a better candidate. Vice versa is if you want to provided an experience first and results later then a person who the skills, relatedness, and specialization in the activity would be the better choice.
As many of you are reading this you might be saying to yourself that a person who specializes in the activity also as a serious leisure for it as well. This is a valid argument but in my opinion the difference between the two the the amount of time given to the activity. Those who specialize might not wake up thinking about that activity, start doing it right away, and until they end their day. The example that comes to my mind is animals lovers specifically dog show owners. A judge of the event might know all the qualifications for a pristine show dog but they themselves might not know what goes into getting an animal ready, or exactly how long it takes for certain dogs to make strides across the floor without wasting a step. The judge might know the rules for judging the animals but they do not have the passion for the history of the competition.
I do not have the answers as to the future of qualifications for who is more qualified to lead recreation activities but I do there will be and already is an impact of those who par tact in serious leisure believing that individuals are qualified to teach, judge, and manage an event they have a strong knowledge in.
Friday, September 25, 2015
Entry #2 It's all about the experience!
I want you to think about what is some highlights of your leisure activities you have been involved in? Was that memory of your experience something you did for the first time or after your gain skill? Was their challenge or risk involved? Who was there? What was it that stuck out in your mind to you?
My next topic of discussion is about what makes leisure activities worth participating in and how experience economy influences choices. Is the experience based solely on the money we spend or the experience we wish to gain? Research has shown that once to sale a product we must now sale the experience gained. If a company cannot sale the products uses and help the audience imagine the experience of the product then success of the product lowers. Today we will discuss what attracts the audience to that activity and how do you maintain that perceived experience once they are participating. To describe how this topic works I will be using the restaurant Dick's Last Resort in Las Vegas Nevada.
In the case of Dick's restaurant the theme of the experience they are selling to the customer is opposite of most restaurants out there. They want to talk back to, be sassy, yell, and name call the customer when providing service. The experience economy they are selling is you are here to be treated like you are bothering me and are not worth time. Many of you might be thinking what is the difference between Dick's and other restaurants that you have seen out there that provided a similar experience of high ting the negative cues? The difference with Dick's and other restaurants is that Dick's could be considered a non-family friendly environment. Some of the words used would make even a sailor would blush. The experience economy they are selling is unique by their use of adult content and border line excessively demeaning comments towards customers.
The question then becomes how did they sale the experience to the audience to make them remember and agree with the restaurants name "Dick's last resort"? Firstly, they greeted guest at the reservation station with a quick question and comment of "Have your ever been here before?" and "Here we server with attitude. Just the (number of people) of you huh" . After seating guest and dropping down menus the wait staff walks towards the table and proceeds to use general names later the name calling becomes specific to the guest. For example they might make a comment about they type of clothing, hair style, or facial expression you display and base a new "name" for the guest. During the course of the meal the wait staff will make an individualized hat out of paper, resembling the white top hats a teacher would place on disruptive student in the corner, and write moderately vulgar things on the hat for the customer to wear and keep as part of the memorabilia. When the wait staff makes eye contact with customers they give a sigh of annoyance and walk towards the table to check on the guest.
How does Dick's stimulate the senses to heighten the experience? Appearance, the restaurant decor resembles an run down shack. The tables are en-elongated wood picnic tables and the restaurant is decorated in money that wait staff has received over the years with comments, number, names, an such written on it. While the restaurant itself is clean the dark finishes make the restaurant look menacing. Classic rock music and 50's 60's songs and pictures transport guest to a different time or place then present day or even Vegas bling and lights. The female wait staff has their hair and make-up similar to pin-up models in classic movies.
As the experience comes to an end guest are directed towards the memorabilia station with shirts, cups, hats, pictures, and other assorted items to re-assert the experience in the future. They also have comment cards available for concerns next to a sign stating what the service should and should not be like. Overall the experience Dick's Last Resort restaurant presents is if you are in the mood to take verbal smacking and can laugh about how you never before paid to be treated like an annoyance, Dick's is the place for you.
My next topic of discussion is about what makes leisure activities worth participating in and how experience economy influences choices. Is the experience based solely on the money we spend or the experience we wish to gain? Research has shown that once to sale a product we must now sale the experience gained. If a company cannot sale the products uses and help the audience imagine the experience of the product then success of the product lowers. Today we will discuss what attracts the audience to that activity and how do you maintain that perceived experience once they are participating. To describe how this topic works I will be using the restaurant Dick's Last Resort in Las Vegas Nevada.
In the case of Dick's restaurant the theme of the experience they are selling to the customer is opposite of most restaurants out there. They want to talk back to, be sassy, yell, and name call the customer when providing service. The experience economy they are selling is you are here to be treated like you are bothering me and are not worth time. Many of you might be thinking what is the difference between Dick's and other restaurants that you have seen out there that provided a similar experience of high ting the negative cues? The difference with Dick's and other restaurants is that Dick's could be considered a non-family friendly environment. Some of the words used would make even a sailor would blush. The experience economy they are selling is unique by their use of adult content and border line excessively demeaning comments towards customers.
The question then becomes how did they sale the experience to the audience to make them remember and agree with the restaurants name "Dick's last resort"? Firstly, they greeted guest at the reservation station with a quick question and comment of "Have your ever been here before?" and "Here we server with attitude. Just the (number of people) of you huh" . After seating guest and dropping down menus the wait staff walks towards the table and proceeds to use general names later the name calling becomes specific to the guest. For example they might make a comment about they type of clothing, hair style, or facial expression you display and base a new "name" for the guest. During the course of the meal the wait staff will make an individualized hat out of paper, resembling the white top hats a teacher would place on disruptive student in the corner, and write moderately vulgar things on the hat for the customer to wear and keep as part of the memorabilia. When the wait staff makes eye contact with customers they give a sigh of annoyance and walk towards the table to check on the guest.
How does Dick's stimulate the senses to heighten the experience? Appearance, the restaurant decor resembles an run down shack. The tables are en-elongated wood picnic tables and the restaurant is decorated in money that wait staff has received over the years with comments, number, names, an such written on it. While the restaurant itself is clean the dark finishes make the restaurant look menacing. Classic rock music and 50's 60's songs and pictures transport guest to a different time or place then present day or even Vegas bling and lights. The female wait staff has their hair and make-up similar to pin-up models in classic movies.
As the experience comes to an end guest are directed towards the memorabilia station with shirts, cups, hats, pictures, and other assorted items to re-assert the experience in the future. They also have comment cards available for concerns next to a sign stating what the service should and should not be like. Overall the experience Dick's Last Resort restaurant presents is if you are in the mood to take verbal smacking and can laugh about how you never before paid to be treated like an annoyance, Dick's is the place for you.
Friday, September 11, 2015
Entry #1 That optimal point
In my previous post I discussed what is leisure, play, and recreation. To further that conversation I will discuss a particular theory to can connect play and experience in relation to the topic.
With the explanation and examples presented one might wonder how do we determine when someone has reach that optimal point of skill and challenge creating "flow"? Firstly, taking from the conceptual definition of how flow can be experienced. I can narrow specific domains in which I can begin to create operational definitions that list variables to determine if someone has experienced flow. Possible variables included but are not limited to: awareness of sounds and movements not in the area of play, the amount of time required to preform an action, the amount of eye contact and or body language with other members involved, and overall satisfaction expressed by the participant(s).
When determining a persons awareness of the surroundings not in the area of play we first must determine what is the area of play. For the purpose of this example the area of play is the marked or known area in which a person will be activity using for the given activity. For example the lines drawn a basketball gym floor is the area of play and the bleachers and benches for coaches and extra players is the outside information processed preventing flow. For our purpose a low level of interaction and reaction to the out of play area is one determining variable of being a state of flow.
To determine the amount of to perform an action we can consider the pace and quick reactions of the participant(s). It takes about one to two more seconds to perform an action if thought is required instead of instinctively using automaticity to complete a task. When measuring this amount of time we can also look at the amount of eye contact or body language expressed between participants before and after an action is performed. Was there communication prior or was it spontaneous based on prior knowledge of patterns of the participant(s)? The lower amount of time to perform an action is a positive variable towards flow occurring.
Lastly, a variable that will vary from participant but is still a factor to determine flow is the satisfaction of the participant. Satisfaction for this purpose is determined by the overall feeling of enjoyment and loss of time the participant experienced during the activity. A high rating of satisfaction and/or loss of time from the participant is a positive variable that flow had occurred.
If all of the variables are met then based on my construct flow has been met for the given activity participant(s) engaged in.
Overall flow is that perfect combination when skill level of the individual is proportionate to the challenge being presented. Flow is the occurrence of instinct presenting itself when trying to reach the goal presented by the challenge.
Fun clip about the "the zone" flow
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Friday, August 28, 2015
Entry #practice
My name is Ms. Jackson and I have worked in the field of youth recreation for six years as a program implementer and creator. My responsibility were to create programs that not only had the youth activity involved but also provided a holistic perspective on life skills and decisions.
Leisure, Play? How can someone begin to separate these three things into different categories? Some would say that one or more interact with each other in every event we do in personal time. In the course of this reading we will narrow our understanding of each term definition before we address how an event can have multiple of these terms comprised together working in harmony forming leisure, recreation, or play.
Leisure, Play? How can someone begin to separate these three things into different categories? Some would say that one or more interact with each other in every event we do in personal time. In the course of this reading we will narrow our understanding of each term definition before we address how an event can have multiple of these terms comprised together working in harmony forming leisure, recreation, or play.
When considering play, what might come to mind is children playing at a park or in the yard, laughing, cheering, and gleefully enjoying their time with each others. Consider play as being instinctual, built into our primal conditioning to participate in. Stuart Brown used the example cats when describing how play is essential for a holistic rounded life. "Play allows 'pretend' rehearsal for the challenges and ambiguities of life, a rehearsal in which life and death are not at stake." (Brown, 32) Brown found that play was not for practice in hunting but practice for social skills. The interaction of playful reenactments of situations and learning when conditions change is valuable skill to achieve a balanced life.
The history of leisure can be found in individual and group times when people had time to participate in activities that were not necessary to sustain life. They had the freedom to freely participate in organized, planned events outside of time preparing fields, shelter, food to maintain the basic necessities of life. In modern times we would consider this time to be vacations, overseas travel, and extravagant activities. The term conspicuous consumption has been used when describing the purchase of time and activities to represent a status in society.
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